How to choose cutting fluid in the light of different cutting tool material

1 high-speed steel: High-speed steel is to add a person more tungsten (W) , molybdenum (Mo) , chromic (Cr) , vanadium (V) the steel of tall alloy tool that waits for alloying element. High-speed steel has taller hardness (67HRC of 62HRC ～ ) with hear resistance, still can undertake cutting when cutting temperature is as high as ℃ of 650 of 500 ～ ; The intensity of high-speed steel is high (the 2 ～ that bending strength is general hard alloy 3 times, the 5 ～ of pottery and porcelain 6 times) , tenacity is good, can apply in the situation that has concussion, vibration; It can be used at processing the data with the wide range such as alloy of steel of nonferrous metal, structure, cast-iron, high temperature. The workmanship sex of high-speed steel is good, grind a sharp cutting blade easily, comfortable at making of all kinds cutting tool, especially comfortable wait for the cutting tool with complex form at making cutting tool of broach, broach, figuration, gear cutting tool. High-speed steel can be divided by cutting function for common high-speed steel and high-powered high-speed steel; Can divide by workmanship method for fusion high-speed steel and pulverous metallurgy high-speed steel. 1.

2 hard alloy: Hard alloy is the metallic carbide that uses tall hardness, difficult frit (WC, TiC) with metallic binder (Cr, Ni) the pulverous metallurgy product that agglomeration falls in high temperature condition and becomes. The normal temperature hardness of hard alloy amounts to 93HRA of 89HRA ～ , its hardness is 85HRA of 77HRA ～ when 760 ℃ , in 1 000 of 800 ～ the hard alloy when ℃ still can undertake cutting, cutting tool life arrives higher than high-speed steel cutting tool severalfold a few times, can machine include hard steel of temper by dipping in water inside a variety of material. But the intensity of hard alloy and tenacity are poorer than high-speed steel, the concussion tenacity below normal temperature is the 130 of ～ of 1 8 of high-speed steel only, accordingly, hard alloy bears cutting vibration and percussive ability are poorer. Express a few kinds of 1 kinds that are hard alloy. 1.

Cutting tool of 3 pottery and porcelain: Cutting tool of pottery and porcelain has function of very tall hardness, wear-resisting and good high temperature mechanical function, the affinity with the metal is small, produce felt not easily with the metal, and chemical stability is good. Cutting tool of pottery and porcelain is main application Yu Gang, cast-iron the cutting treatment that reachs its alloy and difficult treatment material, can use at exceeding high speed cutting, high speed cutting and hard data cutting. 1.

4 exceeds strong cutting tool: Exceeding hard data is to show making synthetic diamond and cubic nitrogen change boron (abbreviation CBN) , and get together with what these powder become with bond agglomeration brilliant diamond (abbreviation PCD) nitrogen of He Jujing cubic metre changes canopy (abbreviation PCBN) etc. Exceed hard data to have admirable wearability, basically apply at the treatment of high speed cutting and difficult cutting material. The sort of fluid of 2 common cutting asks to get used to different treatment technology, cutting fluid has a lot of variety, can divide by chemical composition and condition it is fluid of water radical cutting and oil base cutting fluid two kinds big. The cutting liquid that use water dilute commonly and becomes calls fluid of water radical cutting, the cutting liquid that do not need to use water dilute and uses calls fluid of oil radical cutting. Fluid of water radical cutting is given priority to with refrigeration, lubricant performance is poorer, commonly used water base cutting fluid has: Antirust emulsion, antirust lubricant emulsion, extremely press emulsion, small latex to wait; Fluid of oil radical cutting is given priority to with lubricant action, cooling action and clean action poorer, commonly used oil base cutting fluid has: Pure mineral oil, adipose oil (or oily additive) + mineral oil, blame is extremely active pressure cutting oil, active pole presses cutting oil to wait. If the composition of fluid of a few kinds of main cutting and applied characteristic express 2 to show. Of fluid of 3 cutting reasonable choose 　 3.

Cutting tool of 1 high-speed steel: This kind of material is with chromic, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium (some still contains aluminium) the advanced alloy steel that is a foundation, their hear resistance compares tool steel apparently tall, permission highest temperature can amount to 600 ℃ . With its his high temperature resistant metal and phase of data of pottery and porcelain are compared, high-speed steel has a series of advantages, especially it has taller tenacity, agree with the workpiece with geometrical complex form and successive cutting treatment, and the characteristic that high-speed steel has good machinability and price to go up to be accepted easily. Because high-speed steel cutting tool is red rigid is poor, in using, need to use cutting liquid. When low speed and middling speed cutting, the proposal uses fluid of oil radical cutting or emulsion. When high speed cutting, because calorific amount is large, in order to use liquid of water radical cutting advisable. If use fluid of oil radical cutting to be able to produce more oily mist, pollute an environment, and cause workpiece burn easily, treatment quality drops, cutting tool wears away increase. Additional, the proposal when rough machining is used extremely press aqueous solution or extremely press emulsion, and use when finish machining extremely press emulsion or extremely press cutting oil, in order to reduce attrition, raise exterior quality and precision, prolong cutting tool life. 3.

2 hard alloy cutting tool: Hard alloy is by carbonization tungsten (WC) , carbonization titanium (TiC) , carbonization Tantalum (TaC) the cobaltic composition with 10 % of 5 % ～ , its hardness exceeds high-speed steel greatly, highest allow working temperature to be able to amount to ℃ of 1 000, have good wear-resisting performance, when processing steely data, can decrease cut the felt phenomenon between bits. Because hard alloy cutting tool is red rigid is good, when processing average data, do not add cutting juice commonly and use dry cutting, but when doing cutting, workpiece temperature rise is faster, make workpiece produces heat build-up easily to be out of shape, influence workpiece machines precision, and cutting undertakes below the condition that does not have lubricant, because cutting resistance is great, make power is used up increase, of cutting tool wear away to also be accelerated. Price of hard alloy cutting tool is more expensive, consider from economic respect so, dry cutting also is not economical. When choosing cutting fluid, should consider hard alloy to be opposite the sensitivity that heats up suddenly, make cutting tool even as far as possible be heated, can bring about collapse blade otherwise. Commonly the hot conductibility of fluid of oil radical cutting can be poorer, make cutting tool arises suddenly cold dangerous sex should compare fluid of water radical cutting small, choose commonly so contain fight the oil that grinds additive base cutting fluid is advisable. When use cutting fluid undertakes cutting, want to notice equably cooling cutting tool, had better cool beforehand before beginning cutting cutting tool. To high speed cutting, should drench with gush of fluid of large flow cutting cutting area, lest cause cutting tool be heated inhomogenous and generation collapse blade, yi Ke reduces the lampblack that exorbitant generation evaporates and forms as a result of temperature to pollute. 3.

Cutting tool of 3 pottery and porcelain: This kind of material uses alumina, metal and carbide to issue agglomeration and be become in high temperature, its high temperature wearability is even better than hard alloy, reason uses dry cutting commonly. Mix considering even refrigeration avoid temperature exorbitant, often also use liquid of water radical cutting, but best and successive, sufficient pouring, not discontinuous. 3.

Cutting tool of 4 diamond: Have extremely tall hardness, use dry cutting commonly. Pass to avoid temperature tall, also resemble material of pottery and porcelain same, liquid of water radical cutting is used below a lot of circumstances. The cutting tool material with different basis of 4 conclusion is reasonable choice cutting fluid, can raise the exterior quality of workpiece and treatment precision not only, and the heat that can reduce workpiece is out of shape and of cutting tool wear away, the durability that raises cutting tool, reduce manufacturing cost, improve manufacturing efficiency, reason aborning should try to take seriously. Author: Pan builds new Zhou Xiaogong CNC Milling CNC Machining